Cooperative Learning Versus Traditional Learning

Achieving Highest Levels Of Success - 1724 Words

â€Å"Happy lives are usually made up of a combination of positive emotions and meaningfulness.† (Zakrzewski Brunn, 2015). Research shows that achieving the highest levels of success does not make for ‘happier’ individuals. This can be true for both career and education. In order to reach a happy state, it does not only depend on reaching full academic potential. There needs to be a balance of intellectual and emotional health in students, in order to be content. The same can be said of career success. People who achieve great careers with great wages have not been proven to be more satisfied in life. There is the advantage of upward mobility, which can bring satisfaction. Although not enough to the point where they are happier than those who do not have that level of career. In addition, the opportunities of moving up in the social ladder are slim, if higher education is out of reach for those who cannot afford it. So, society pushes for education to benefit the economy and a content society. What it fails to do, is pay attention to the other part of us that plays a role in this as well, our personal and emotional happiness. In America, everyone is always searching for the eternal pursuit of happiness. It has been discovered that finding ‘happiness’ does not come solely from excelling in education. Nor are people ‘happier’ due to pursuing and thriving in highly successful careers. This factors into the ambition of obtaining happiness from upward mobility. Something that is notShow MoreRelatedHr Professionalism Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagesof specialised tasks. Another might be an uncompromising commitment to performing at the highest level at all times. Yet another could be displaying a polite, considerate and generally businesslike manner in the workplace. Whilst most of these statements are partially correct, there are many aspects to conducting yourself in a professional manner. The most recognised benchmark of achieving success and achieving professionalism in HR is to become a member of the Chartered Institute of Personnel andRead MoreImplementation Strategic Controls and Contingency Plans753 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization serves as a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center and Level III Neonatal Intensive Care unit, which both are highest possible classifications. The purpose of this paper is to develop a strategic plan that will implementation, strategic controls and contingency plans. Implementation Objectives Cardinal Glennon strives to provide exeptional care to each patient that enters the facility. Short term and long term objectives must be established to ensure success. The short term objectivesRead MoreDevelopment Of A Transformational Leader1351 Words   |  6 Pagesleader. Strengths Finder 2.0 guides individuals into focusing on developing themselves through their strengths instead of trying to fix their weaknesses. In doing so, individuals are able to develop natural talents in a way that creates a higher achieving workplace. This paper will explore the use of applying transformational leadership focused on developing strengths and how it can be applied to nursing as an industry, in personal practice, as well as personal growth. It can be applied to any employeeRead MoreEmployee Engagement Is Made Up Of Two Words, Employee And Engagement1724 Words   |  7 Pagescompletely to achieve the goals of company, hence will be more efficient and considers himself as a part of the su ccess of company. Various researches have also shown that engaged employees are much more efficient than disengaged ones, which results in positives for an organisation. An engaged employee feels involved in and excited about his work. Engaged employees produce at high levels individually, and contribute to improved business results. In fact, Gallup research shows employee engagement canRead MoreBusinesses need to be competitive in order to ensure growth and profitability in the future.1400 Words   |  6 Pagestheir core business function and develop operational strategies to ensure they are competitive within their market. Operational strategies such as setting performance objectives and developing new products and designs are integral to businesses in achieving cost leadership and product differentiation. Ultimately, ensuring businesses like Apple remain competitive. Apple is a multinational cooperation renowned for designing, developing and selling consumer electronics and software. Apple is one of theRead MoreWhat Makes A Success?1157 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Success? In today’s society, people have different views or opinions about success. It could be wealth, fame, power, or respect. My parents, I feel, are very successful people. They go to work everyday to support me and pay bills. They make sure that I have everything I need and not my wants. In that case, I asked both of my parents what their definition of success is. My dad gave me a great example, high school. He said that finishing high school can be my success. He said success is achievingRead MoreThe Health And Information Technology Sector For Contracting Organizations840 Words   |  4 Pagesleverages corporate-level strategies to ensure success in multiple markets (Barney Hesterly, 2014, p. 5). For example, the customer base for QSSI contracts spans beyond governmental agencies to the commercial sector. Therefore, leadership implements the strategy by tailoring strategic goals to the needs of customers and the climate of the marketplace. The adoption and achievement of an organizational certification such as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) levels exemplify expertise andRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management Is A Top Priority For Any Organization Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesthrust, and organizations all over the world are implementing it to improve customer services, satisfaction and retention. In the current competitive environment, characterize by financial ch allenges and increasing competitiveness among organizations, success depends on organization’s ability to satisfy its customers. CRM is useful for any organization that allows them to identify changes in customer needs, personalize their service, distinguish themselves from competitors and create a competitive advantageRead MoreStress on College Campuses Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesis unavoidable, no matter the situation, location, or time; stress is always present. Stress is found in higher levels during the duration in which students attend college. It is predictably higher among college students, freshmans in particular, because of the extreme expectations set upon them by their parents and, of course, society. The need to please their parents, longing for success in life, and being able to sustain a reasonable income in the future, all of which falls into the hands of collegeRead MorePersonal Statement : Senior Emigration From My Native Iran At The Age Of 171456 Words   |  6 Pagesa necessity as long as class struggle exists. Large corporations are the modern day bourgeoisies, with their outsourcing techniques creating a docile body of labor, i.e. the proletariats, who are essential to the success of a business. In order for these corporations to maintain a level of competitiveness amongst themselves, they have a constant need to revolutionize new improved products, while simultaneously keeping the cost of production to a minimum. The law of supply states that the quantity

Strategic Business Analyst-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Mangement. Answer: Rich Picture The critiquing topics include vision, mission, strategic objective, strategic management process and SWOT analysis. All these aspects comprises as a strategic management. The Strategic Management Concepts map is illustrated below Synopsis Any organization requires a strategy for taking its company to reach great heights. These refer to the vision, mission and strategic objectives. The need for strategy in the organization is important because, the business environment is increasingly becoming unpredictable. This report's objective is to understand what a strategy is; its importance; how it can be developed and implemented; and how it is related to business analysts. Critique The business is depicted by its operations, its organizational structure, policies, methods, location and customer satisfaction. All these aspects can be well structured by a business architecture. Based on the author's point of view the IT strategy for the business supports the company to have business strategies that are competitive and innovative (Becker, 2015). Thus, it can deliver the necessary business efficiencies. The vison and mission are necessary aspects for defining the objective of the business. The strategic objectives are the possibilities, goals that can be measured and the milestones. It is very important to undergo environmental scan with various methods and techniques like PESTLE, MOST analysis technique and Porters five forces Model (Cadle, Turner and Paul, 2010). It helps to understand the current stance of the business, which is called as Business analysis. It is substantially important to analyze the business, to understand the necessary change. Thus, Strategy in simple words is a Change. Finally, SWOT analysis helps in analyzing the results of the environmental scan. It is not easy to implement a strategy, because it has considerable issues to look up like- The urgency and need of implementing the strategy; the size of change; the organization's ability to absorb change; and the readiness of the organization to accept the change. Business analyst has a vital role in strategic planning, as follows (Hass, 2008): Provides information about project investments. Defines and manages the requirements of the business. Takes part in tactical activities. To validate the information of meeting the business requirements. Strategic management helps to resolve the issues of the business analysts like, tracking the cost of the business and its benefit; prevention from errors and much more (Pullan and Archer, 2013). Reflection It is concluded that the strategy is a scope and direction for the company's long term plan, for satisfying the expectations of the stakeholders. Strategy is categorized into three levels namely, corporate, business unit and operational level. Strategy for an organization can be developed based on the detailed analysis of the enterprise. Therefore, the strategic plan works as a road map for the organization, to meet its long term goals. Henceforth, the strategic management comes to the rescue of the business analysts, because of the issues in implementing the strategy References Becker, L. (2015). Roadmap to the Strategic Business Analyst and how it crosses other disciplines.BBC Conference. [online] Available at: https://www.buildingbusinesscapability.com/presentations/2015/2196.pdf. Cadle, J., Turner, P. and Paul, D. (2010).Business analysis techniques. London [England]: British Computer Society. Hass, K. (2008).The business analyst as strategist. Vienna, VA: Management Concepts. Pullan, P. and Archer, J. (2013).Business analysis and leadership. London: Kogan Page Limite

Welcome To Hiroshima Essays - Fiction, Arts, Films, Persona, M

Welcome To Hiroshima Upon the beginning of Mary Jo Salter's "Welcome to Hiroshima" materializes as a visual holiday to a different country. However, the detail of imagery reveals a different sort of poem. The theme of the poem is a gloomy look at how humans destroy each other. The careful imagery of the lingering effects of war, the devastation of human life and the shadowy unknowns of the future through images of shock, guilt and numbness bring the event to life. The persona recounts the bomb and admits its' devastating effects. Describing the bomb with a simile "like a beer"(6) gives a pleasant appearance.. The persona describes the bomb with a tone of wonder and awe. Images of ?foam" and"thirst" suggest a quest for more knowledge. The awestruck persona wants to know more about the unimaginable event. The longing for knowledge is established. The persona begins to describe the devastation left behind. The description of the water is one of "blood" and "scum"(10). Then, in disbelief the persona says the water is in the "morning cup of tea" (12). The persona describes the "memorial museum"(22) with a tone of shock through the next few lines of well thought out language. Images of burning and melting immediately become visible to the mind. The persona chooses to use personification throughout the next two stanzas. "Blistered grass" and"strings of flesh"(24) are a few of the thoughts described by Salter's persona. The vision of melting flesh is communicated through the use of the metaphors in the poem. In addition to the flesh melting, the depiction of"gloves" to "coatsleeves"(23,24) is symbolic of skin hanging off bone and muscle. The horrific actuality of war is envisioned through these words. In the eighth stanza the persona begins to instill the feeling of disbelieving guilt by stating "they should have left it all"(31). Then, switching to the actual belongings left behind by the awful event, the persona notices "the wristwatch of a child" (32). By using these terms, the persona lures the attention back to the certainty of death. In addition, the persona reveals the moment in time the bomb destroyed the people in the town. The persona draws attention to the child's watch by saying "it gestures"(35). Using these words adds to the person's awareness of death and guilt by suggesting the child's watch speaks. The persona is compelled to look further into the museum to see more consequences of war. Looking back into the museum the persona sees"death gummed on death"(39). The overwhelming thoughts of the thousands killed during the bombing expound into illustrative pictures. Looking into the glass display case once more the persona reveals a woman's arm. The imagery of her arm being blown off at "eight fifteen" is unmistakable by a piece of glass impounded into her skin. Salter's persona admits that hope and pain are eternal and the realities of the events being repeated again are foreseeable. The persona reflects numbness as she expects the effects of war to show herself once more.

Exam 1 essay questions Essays - Philosophy, Ethics,

Exam 1 essay questions Due: 9/29/17 Essay 1: "How does Aristotle say we should live a virtuous life?" Probably Aristotle's best known work on ethics, the Nicomachean Ethics explores the question: How should a man go about in order to live a happy and virtuous life? Well, Aristotle had said that in order for a person to really attain happiness, then the possession and exercise of a moral as well as intellectual virtue is the core constitutive element to happiness and living well. A formal definition of happiness or Eudaimonia as Aristotle would have described it as is "A complete and sufficient good. This implies that it is desired for itself, that it is not desired for the sake of anything else, that it satisfies all desire and has no evil mixed in with it, and that it is stable." Aristotle said that the attainment of certain goods or sets of goods is to be living well. There is a certain division of goods that one can attain or lose: external goods; things like wealth or fame or power, goods of the body; life, health, good looks, athletic ability, dexterity, etc., and goods for the soul; virtue, education, creativity, friendship, among other things. Certain good are without a doubt necessary preconditions for happiness, things like life of health, while other goods are merely embellishments to fill out an already good life for a person whom is already virtuous. One must survey the goods that we desire in order to know which goods are really related to true happiness and promote living a virtuous life. So, as Aristotle puts it, virtuous actions express correct reason. These actions are acquired by an individual through practice and habituation. Or in other words: practice makes perfect - one becomes virtuous by acting virtuously! So by acting in the way that a virtuous person should, one will become to take pleasure in being a virtuous person. It is simply forming a habit, and by that same token one can fall victim to allowing certain defective and vicious ways of acting to become habitual. Virtue is difficult to attain, since if we simply follow our inclinations, we become vicious. Even though we have a natural desire for happiness, the nature of humans often lead us away from our true happiness. This is why it is imperative for a good upbringing as a child. If habits are developed from the beginning, and we learn how to both act and feel correctly, then living a virtuous life is more easily attainable. He said that a virtuous person takes pleasure in what is fine and noble and is pained from that which is shameful. Through education and habit Aristotle believed that one can attain the knowledge and understanding of what it means to live a virtuous life, and in that one would find true happiness.

Effective Recommendations on Career Advancement

Effective Recommendations on Career Advancement Best Habits to Improve Your Career You can easily find multiple tips for people who are looking for a job, but what about advice on career improvement for people who already have a job? As numerous businesses have cut back their staff, a big amount of employed people are stuck performing the work of several people. Here Is a List of the Effective Tips to Help Advance Your Career Know Your Career Goal Your career goal should challenge you to find the original role, which best suits your skills, talents and passions, and forces you toward success. You have to understand your work and know how to do it well. This means that you should have technical competence and meet the requirements for your job. Network Even if You Are Not Looking for a New Job The main advice for job seekers and even for those who are not looking for a new job is networking. A good professional network often becomes a source of friendships and referrals for almost anything. Besides, your professional network can give objective insights for the assessment of the opportunities and problems as well. Acquaintances of acquaintances, trade organizations and various education classes provide great sources for creating relationships with people that may help improve your career. You should keep in mind that job security can come and go, while a developed network of important contacts is always useful. Trust Your Intuition If any situation does or does not feel right, never let your logic override your instincts. You know what I mean if you have ever taken a job your intuition warned you against and realized some time later that your instinct was first right. Of course, logic has to take place in your decision-making, as well as in the career advancement, but together with intuition, it can provide you with a balanced perspective on the career improvement. Pursue Only Those Goals Which You Really Want to Achieve When you are setting the goals that have to help advance your career, test their viability with the help of RUMBA method. According to it, all of your goals have to be Reasonable, Understandable, Measurable, Behavioral and Agreed upon. If your goal does not meet any of these conditions, it is probably not worth your endeavors. Not only you, but also every other person involved with your goal has to genuinely trust that it is a good idea. You Should Have Time Devoted to Education, Work and Fun Many people divide their lives into three separate periods with different purposes. Until the age of 20, most of us are in so-called learning box when we absorb all the information we get. From about 20 to 65, we are in the working box and focus on producing valuable products or services. And at 65, we move into the fun box. However, it is not the best way to spend our lifetime. Instead, people, who know how to combine education, job, and free time, seize and enjoy every day of their lives.

Managing Diversity.1) why you have selected this topic, why it is Essay

Managing Diversity.1) why you have selected this topic, why it is important to you,why it is important for the companies to value,how this area will change over the next five years - Essay Example . Also, managing diversity should be part of an organizational culture because it would attract customers. Customers have a preference to buy services and groups from diverse businesses. Therefore, companies with a diverseness within their management will simply fulfil the needs of a wide customer base. Lastly, cultural intelligence is the most compelling significance of having a diverse workforce. As a result, when clients and employees are diverse, opportunities to not only learn but also acknowledge the values held sacred by others are boundless (Barzantny, 2007). Times are changing in the labour force, and stakeholders are changing in various ways, apart from gender and race, people with disabilities, single parent families, ageing workforce and dual-earner families. For this reason, there is a need for the creation of diverse policies, behaviours and work culture where people feel like an essential part of the organization. Management diversity will bring competitiveness in organizations thus enhancing performance innovations in the business world. In the advent of increased diversification of the business world, a number of corporations are investing in different parts of the world. Hence interacting with people from different cultural backgrounds. This will prompt the need to utilise it. Thus, it will gain more popularity among major business. Most managers will have to integrate it as part of their management techniques for increased performance in the

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business law - Essay Example For claiming the business deal undertaken by Sally to be a contract, there must be four significant aspects which are: Offer and Acceptance: Any legal contract must have proper offer and acceptance where one party makes the offer and the other agrees to it. Offer is demarcated as an instance when one individual indicates the willingness to make a business deal. Offer is made by a party by considering the acceptance of other party. The true purpose of offer should be to make legal association2. An offer is an appearance of readiness to contract on specific terms. Offer must be made with the aim that will become obligatory on acceptance. Offer allows the party to approve it and delivers the base of agreement. Offer can exist when objective is involved in purchaser’s words or conduct i.e. intention to commit certain act lawfully to the terms the purchaser recommends3. Communication: Effective communication is a vital aspect for a business contract. The offeree should know regardi ng the offer. The communication should be developed or sanctioned by the offeror. The purchaser cannot approve to something which he/she has no knowledge. Accordingly, the seller should communicate the offer in an intended way4. Consideration: Consideration is essential for proving the validity of contract. Only an ordinary statement of agreement cannot develop a contract. Consideration is regarded as a promise to provide something and gain something in exchange of it5. Assurance: The conditions of contract which are involved in the offer should be clear enough so that they can provide sensible basis for defining the reality of breach in relation to the contract and thus help to enforce action. In terms of product sale, Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) provides criteria in several occasions such as price, time, location of delivery, or payment rules4. Step 3: Application of Law to the Fact In the context of the case study, the above aspects of a legal contract were missing. For instanc e, proper offer and acceptance was not made by the parties. Peter and Burt both had stated to Sally that they intend to purchase the bike. However, it differs from an offer because they did not reach an agreement with Sally that they will purchase the bike. The second essential element of contract i.e. proper communication was absent between Sally and the parties. Although Peter has offered a deal to Sally regarding purchasing of the bike, without his awareness the offer of Peter has been accepted by Sally which was her intentional communication for selling. Furthermore, communication should be made or certified by the offeror. With respect to mutual consideration, it can be observed that the contract had lack of consideration. Although Peter and Burt had specified that they expect to purchase the bike, they had not promised about purchasing. Ultimately, there was no assurance of parties about purchasing. Peter and Burt had not specified any time for purchase in the e-mail and Sally also did not approve any reasonable time for delivery of the bike to Peter. Without a reasonable time, offer cannot be measured as lawful. Step 4: Conclusion Judging from the above aspects, it can be observed that Sally has not made proper contract with any of them i.e. Peter and Burt. There was absence of communication, assurance and consideration. Besides, appropriate offer and

Facing the Hard Facts of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facing the Hard Facts of Life - Essay Example Born in a well-to-do urban business class family, life had always been a cakewalk for me. A cakewalk, till the day the â€Å"hard facts† of life were thrust on me! I remember having a carefree childhood, cushioned in the warm, caring love of my parents and elder sister. Being the younger child, and a chubby one with dimples to go with my naturally good looks, I was the apple of everyone’s eye. Parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, teachers, seniors, friends, and later girlfriends, everyone simply loved me. Life was just beautiful. In school, I was good in studies, sports and extra curricular activities. Dad’s business was thriving and we were used to the best in life. We lived in a palatial house, went to the best school in town, dined in fine restaurants on weekends with dad’s friends and had a chauffeur driven limousine to drop my sister and me to school every day. Once in a couple of years, we would have a foreign holiday. What more could one ask for in life? At least, that is what I thought when I entered my teens.

India-Pakistan Relations Through the Lens of Realism

India-Pakistan Relations Through the Lens of Realism India and Pakistan have had many conflicts in their relationship because of the multitude of problems in the political sphere throughout history leading to their current state of affairs. To best understand the relationship between the countries, I used realism as a theory of international relations through the examples of the Battle of Kashmir and the riots of 1947 during the Partition of India. India and Pakistan both have associations   through the cultures, history and also economic and geographic issues.   Therefore, these two states have led themselves to high tensions, making their relations unpredictable and in some cases destructive. In International Relations, there are many ideas that influence the theory of Realism, but the one idea that stands out is that states are generally only worried about themselves and the issues that only involve them. Realists have a higher regard for issues such as security and national interests instead of ethics or ideals.When it comes to dealing with others, whether it is regarding war or any other issue, it is only for one reason and that is because they are in the struggle for power. Ever since the Post-World War II era started, Realism has been known to be the leading theory in International Relations. In world politics, Realism stresses the idea that state is the main actor. Usually, Realists have the view that conflicts with other nations are needed and these conflicts are to be conclusively dealt with by war. The partition of 1947, was a period of time involving unrest and violence. In 1947, India and Pakistan had separated and became their own countries. Pakistan was predominantly Muslim while India was majority Hindu.   Before the partition, there weren’t many acts of violence between the three main religions of Sikhs, Muslims, and Hindus, the Partition changed that. Countless acts of sexual violence towards women and slaying of families became a result of this Partition. â€Å"Some seventy-five thousand women were raped, and many of them were then disfigured or dismembered†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ By 1948, as the great migration drew to a close, more than fifteen million people had been uprooted, and between one and two million were dead (The New Yorker, 2015).† Punjab had been split in half between India and Pakistan because of the Partition and this is where most of the violent acts on women and families happened. However, after the long lasting struggle, India and Pakistan did gain their independence in August of 1947. Some of the reasons for the Partition of India were â€Å"Mohammed Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League, simply wished to use the demand for a separate state as a bargaining chip to win greater power for Muslims within a loosely federated India (BBC, 2011).† Also, â€Å"One explanation for the chaotic manner in which the two independent nations came into being is the hurried nature of the British withdrawal (BBC, 2011).† These reasonings behind the Partition makes gives me a sense of a Realism perspective because the definition of a Realist in International Relations is  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å" Realists consider the principal actors in the international arena to be states, which are concerned with their own security, act in pursuit of their own national interests, and struggle for power (Stanford Philosophy, 2013).† Mohammed Ali Jinnah wanted to win a greater power for the Muslim people so this move to have their own country would get that for them. Sadly, this didn’t happen without the tragedies of tons of people. Since the Partition of India was in 1947, this leads right into our next topic. The Battle of Kashmir dates back to 1947 as well. Even after India and Pakistan had formed into their own countries, there was still an issue of having hundreds of states that were within these two countries that were lead by Monarchs. These states could decide which country they wanted to be apart of or they could also choose to stay by themselves and they would make the decision by having the people vote. Many of these Monarchs wanted to stay independent but they had to stick with the decisions of the people and go with what they wanted. During this time, â€Å"Maharaja Hari Singh was the ruler of Kashmir, which had the option to choose either country to join because of the location of Kashmir. The only issue about Hari Singh, was that he was Hindu while all of his people were Muslim (Daily O, 2015).† In order to keep the issue calm, he decided to just stay and not join either. However, this did not last very long, â€Å" his hopes of remaining independent were dashed in October 1947, as Pakistan sent in Muslim tribesmen who were knocking at the gates of the capital Srinagar. Hari Singh appealed to the Indian government for military assistance and fled to India. He signed the Instrument of Accession, ceding Kashmir to India on October 26 (The Telegraph, 2001).† India and Pakistan ended up going to war over Kashmir, however, this was only the first time. After India went to the United Nations for help, they decided they would leave it to the people of Kashmir to vote for their own. They ended up going to war on four   different occasions and still have battles to this day. The fact that India and Pakistan have gone to four wars, that alone shows how important and significant   Kashmir is. Realism considers Security as a major priority, and for India, if they were to claim Kashmir it would be very resourceful security wise for them against China and Pakistan. It serves as â€Å" a barrier to the philosophy of Pakistan Government which could threaten India’s internal security (aarcentre, 2016).† Kashmir is very important for either country because of its economic benefits as well. The amount of revenue they can get from tourism of Kashmir would be a huge factor. â€Å"As for Pakistan it is vital for its security zone as well the presence of two major roads and railway network in the border help to strengthen its economy (aarcentre, 2016). As far as Realism goes in the Battle of Kashmir, power is shown by India by the fact that after getting its independence, many states chose to join them. Another instance of Realism in the Battle, was when India supported Hari Singh. When the Pakistani troops showed up to Kashmir and tried to take over, India backed him up without hesitating. However, India had a reason behind it, which was that they would be in good standing with Hari Singh. Which is exactly how it worked out, Hari Singh ended up signing Kashmir over to India soon after that. This shows that India only stepped in for their own personal benefits and as a Realist would say, for their â€Å"struggle of power.† India shows their sense of Realism once again as well when Pakistan wanted to go to the UN to solve the issue. India played a trick on them by saying they should just negotiate between themselves, but then soon after that they went to the UN themselves asking them to step in. This made it look like India was concerned about the people of Kashmir which made them look better to the United Nations. This shows the Realist standpoint of doing whatever it takes for the struggle of power. Through the examples of The Battle of Kashmir, and the Partition of India and the riots during the time, Realism helped me understand the relationship between India and Pakistan throughout the years.Using The Partition of India, Realism was shown through the leader of the Muslim League Jinnah, because he wanted to separate from the loose Indian government and have more power for his own Muslim people. During this movement, an estimated 1-2 million people had died and about 15 million people had to relocate their homes. Lastly, The Battle of Kashmir showed us the Realism perspective through the many ways Kashmir would have brought security and money and power into the countries. India showed us their Realist views by doing whatever was needed to gain their power by supporting Hari Singh even though they had their own intentions in mind. They also showed a fake side by going to the UN and making themselves look better after recently telling the Pakistani government that no one needs to intervene and the   best to solve the issue is by negotiating within themselves. Works Cited A Brief History of the Kashmir Conflict. The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 24 Sept. 2001. Web. 09 Apr. 2017. Alam, Mohd. Shekaib, Muhammet Ali Guler, and Moyenul Hasan. KASHMIR CONFLICT BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN: A REALIST PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2413-2748). N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2017. BBC History British History in Depth: The Hidden Story of Partition and Its Legacies. BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2017. Dalrymple, William. The Mutual Genocide of Indian Partition. The New Yorker. The New Yorker, 21 June 2015. Web. 09 Apr. 2017. Khajuria, Manu. Hari Singh Was More than a Hindu King Who Ruled over a Muslim Majority State. DailyO Opinion News & Analysis on Latest Breaking News India. Living Media India Limited, 21 Sept. 2015. Web. 09 Apr. 2017. Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian. Political Realism in International Relations. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 26 July 2010. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.

Article Critique Genetically Modified Food Essay

The article by Amin, Jahi and Nor was conducted in Malaysia to find out the stakeholders attitude to genetically modified foods and medicine (1). In particular, the investigators were interested to know the attitude towards GM insulin/medicine, GM palm oil and GM soybean. They designed the study as a survey with 1017 respondents. They found that the Malaysian stakeholders are cautious about the genetically modified foods. They agreed that genetically modified foods have perceived benefits but at the same time they were concerned about the moral aspects and risks associated with the GM Foods. A closer analysis revealed difference stakeholders attitudes towards GM foods. Title The title â€Å"stakeholders attitude to genetically modified foods and medicine† was precise and clearly thought out. Readers are well informed of what to expect as they engage with the study findings. However, the title missed on the study area. A good title must inform readers where the study is conducted. Abstract The researchers adopted non structure abstract. They were able to point out the background leading to the study, the purpose of survey, research approaches they used trough the study and the findings. With regard to this they managed to give a brief overview of the research Jones 2 and further letting readers know what their study entailed and what they found out. A structured abstract would have been more desirable as it enlists each of the study sections. However, depending with the journal requirements and authors’ interests they preferred non structured abstract to one that is structured. Purpose of the Study The investigators clearly pointed out the aim of the study. They assessed and compared the attitudes of the Malaysian stakeholders living in the Klang Valley towards genetically modified insulin, palm oil and soybeans. This was influenced by the findings from the other studies. For instance, other studies revealed that the advancement in technology led to increased production of GM Foods. In addition, they found that biotechnology is one of the five major technologies that are planned to speed industrialization in Malaysia. However, owing to the divisive debate on genetically modified foods, the researchers saw the need for this study. Therefore, it has clear cut intent of telling where Malaysians attitudes leans and what measures should be put in place to better their attitude. Research Approaches The investigators adopted a well defined research approach. They designed the study as a survey which was conducted from June, 2004 to February, 2005. The sample size was 107 respondents above 18 years. They were selected through stratification sampling which enabled the generalization of the findings and minimized biased that could result from sample selection. In addition, they collected the data through administering questionnaire and ensured that reliability and validity of the study are all accounted for. However, the researchers did not tell the readers how they met the ethical principles, especially principles of ethics of beneficence and Jones 3 justice. They didn’t point out whether they consulted any ethical institution or whether they sought consent before recruiting the respondents. Results The study findings were consistent with the objective. The findings centered on six dimensions of the stakeholders attitudes including moral concerns, perceived benefits, familiarity, encouragement, risk acceptance and perceived risks. From the findings it was clear that majority of the stakeholders were not familiar with the three GM products. It was more surprising when the findings indicated that biology students were more familiar with the GM palm oil and GM soybeans than religious scholars. The findings further established that stakeholders are moderately concerned with the moral aspects of the GM products, moderately perceive the products as risky and moderately perceive the GM products as beneficial. All the same they encouraged the use of the three products, with most stakeholders supportive of GM palm oil. These findings were consistent with the other studies. For instance, in China, study by Zhang et al. (19) indicated that consumers were not familiar with GM products yet domestic consumption of GM soybeans was about 18% of the interviewees that were consuming soybeans. In addition, the findings were consistent with earlier studies by ISAAA-UIUC (14-15) which found that Asians accept GM foods but at the same acknowledge the risks they pose to health. Based on these consistencies, the study met the rigor of trustworthiness, applicability and reliability. The conclusions were drawn from the study. The investigators concluded that the Malaysian stakeholders’ attitude on GM products was cautious. Indeed, this is in tandem with the findings that the stakeholders moderately perceive the GM products as both beneficial and Jones 4 detrimental to health. In addition the implications of the study were reported in the conclusion. They noted that the biotechnologists should assess the moral aspects, risks and benefits of the GM foods and thereafter engage the public on acceptance of the products before considering commercialization of the products. However, the researcher failed to point out the limitations of the study as well as the areas that need further research. Work Cited Amin, Latifah; Jahi, Jamaluddin and Nor Abd. â€Å"Stakeholders attitude to GM foods and medicine. The Scientific World Journal. 2013. Jones 5 International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), â€Å"The social and cultural dimensions of agricultural biotechnology in Southeast Asia: public understanding, perceptions, and attitudes towards biotechnology in Phillipines†. ISAAA. Publications. Zhang, Xi; Huang, Jin; Qiu, Ha and Huang, Zheng. â€Å"A consumer segmentation study with regards to genetically modified food in urban China†. Food Policy. 35:5. 2010.

BHL Assessment

Advise Bob of his contractual obligations to WAY Ltd. In particular, assess and evaluate his common law duties in comparison to contractual obligations as an employee and the potential outcome of breach. A contract of employment may be written or verbal and there is not a lawful duty for an employer to supply the employee with a written contract. However under the Employment Rights Act 1 996 Section 1 (1) a written statement of particulars is required and under Section 1(2) this may be given in installments but not any longer than two months after the employment has started.Contracts contain terms' which can either be expressed or implied and it is important for employers to think carefully when creating a contract as it may need to be relied upon in the future should any dispute or ambiguity arise. Daniels (201 2 page 35) defines expressed terms as â€Å"terms that have been discussed and agreed between the employer and employee† â€Å"they may not be in writing and they can not diminish statutory rights†. She defines implied terms as â€Å"those that have not been specifically agreed between the employer and employee but are derived from collective agreement, statute, custom and practice and the courts†.Examples of what is considered express terms include the amount of sick, holiday and redundancy pay and the amount of wages or hours expected to be worked. Implied terms are different in that they will be the same for most contracts of employment no matter what the activity is including duties owed to the employee by the employer and vice versa such as the duty to pay etc. Bob should be aware that under common law there are certain duties owed by him as an employee to his employer WAY Ltd.Emir (2012 page 307) states â€Å"Since the relationship between employer and employee is one of trust ND confidence the law implies into the contract of employment the term that every employee should serve his employer faithfully'. In regards to all of t he clauses and what Bob is currently doing which is working for a competitor in his spare time he is already breaching one of the first common law duties which is the duty of faithful service, Emir (2012 page 308) states that â€Å"It is a breach of the employee's duty of faithful service to compete with the employer while he is still employed†.The cases of Adamson v B & L Cleaning Services Ltd (1995) and Ward Evans Financial Services Ltd v Fox (2001 ) are examples of not only a breach of faithful service but also of fidelity which will be discussed further on. Clause one instructs Bob that he is not to devote any time that should be spent in work on any other business or ‘charitable endeavourer unless he has written consent by the company.This clause set out by WAY Ltd is not reasonable in the way it is worded, as in some cases Bob has a duty to devote his time that should be spent in work to other affairs if it is necessary. One example of this would be jury duty whic h anyone meeting the specific criteria is obliged to take part in unless there are specific and exceptional resistances, and to enforce that Bob must have it in writing before he is to attend such activities is not reasonable.If it were found that this clause was unreasonable then the clause may become invalid. However if it was determined to be fair then this case would be similar to Wishes Dairies v Smith (1935) where the legal principle identified was that the duty of fidelity lasts until the employment has ended. Although Bob has not yet breached this duty, he has breached several others relating to this the first one being a duty of mutual trust and confidence.In the case of Mali v BCC AS (in Liz) 1997) Lord Steen stated â€Å"the employer shall not without reasonable and proper cause, conduct itself in a manner calculated and likely to destroy or seriously damage the relationship of confidence and trust between employer and employee† (Painter and Holmes 2012 page 145). The term ‘mutual' means ‘joint' or both in agreement so this statement works both ways in that the employee also has an implied duty not to act in such a way that would upset or cause animosity among employer and employee. Bob has broken this duty by working for a competitor even though it may be in his spare time.It should also be recognized that although Bob appears to be a senior engineer, if he is having to work for another company in his free time due to the business not doing as well as it has been then he must be on commission or a zero hour contract as if he was on a fixed term or full time contract his pay would remain the same no matter what hours he worked. Clause two states that during the period of his employment Bob should not partake in any other work which may affect the way in which he carries out his own work for WAY Ltd. The modern practice of ‘moonlighting' whereby an employee undertakes spare-time work outside his employment ours can raise prob lems, particularly if the work is in competition with the employers business† (Emir 201 2 page 318). The case of Gray v C & P Pembroke Ltd (1972) which is similar to Bob's situation supports this idea that working for a competitor is not deemed acceptable if it is expressed in the contract otherwise, however Frame v McKenna and Graham Ltd (1974) found that it was acceptable if it not mentioned in the contract of employment.Cases which would suggest Bob is in breach of his common law duties if followed would be Havoc Ltd V park Royal Scientific Instruments Ltd (1946), Nearby Dean of Westminster (1999), Lewis v Underworld Garages Ltd (1986), Reading v Attorney General (1951 ) and the most recent case of Vegetarian v Churchill Group Ltd (2013). Moonlighting links with the reasoning that a fiduciary duty should exist among employers and employees.Lord Wolf's view on fiduciary duty is that â€Å"The employer is entitled to the single-minded loyalty of his employee. The employee mu st act in good faith; he must not make a profit out of his trust; he must not place himself in a position where his duty and his interest may conflict; he may not act for his own benefit or he benefit of a third party without the informed consent of his employer† (Broodier 2012 page 1).However there is an argument as to how far this fiduciary relationship goes and it was recognized in the case of University of Nottingham v Tweet (1999) that ambiguous terminology may cause confusion as to the nature of the relationship between employer and employee. Although the common law duties require loyalty, good faith and honesty, to assume that an employee is to give his/her all to their employer and that the contract of employment is a fiduciary one is false. However the case of Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd v Tundra (2006) is a contrast in to the extent of fiduciary duty that is owed.The cases of Bell v Lever Brow (1931 ) and Osborn Corp. v Reecho (1984) are cases involving a senior me mber of the team and it is often applied that they have a greater duty owing to the employer to disclose their own misconduct than perhaps an employee would have. In clause two however, the restriction may be considered too wide in that it restricts him from undertaking any work which may prejudicially affect his ability to carry out his work for WAY and says that again it will be at he discretion of the company.It may be deemed UN-reasonable to consider that the company would need to be informed of every activity carried out in Bob's spare time and that it would be up to them to make a decision about how prejudicial it is. Painter and Holmes (2012 page 151) state that â€Å"The courts are very reluctant to accept that what workers do in their spare time should be of any concern of the employer as in Nova Plastics Ltd v Forget (1982). However, sometimes they are bound to do so. This statement emphasizes that although it is in the interest of the employer to be aware of hat their em ployees do in their spare time, the clause restricting Bob from carrying out any activity in his spare time unless the company has agreed may be to wide and unreasonable. A duty of fidelity is owed under common law and ensures that â€Å"Employees must not carry out activities that clearly conflict with the duty that they owe to their employer† (Daniels 2012 page 44).The obligation not to compete with an employer can be regarded as an expressed term and included as a restrictive covenant. Although he has already breached this duty by working for a competitor WAY could limit this damage further if there was a restrictive lease in the contract indicating that Bob could not set up a competing business such as the partnership he wishes to indulge himself in with Michael for a certain period of time and within a certain geographical location if it is deemed ‘reasonable'.Bob's case is similar to the one of Sanders v parry (1967) backed up by Coleman Dammar Ltd v Sakes (2001 h owever the cases of Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd v Tundra (2006), Customer Systems Pl v Ransom (2012) and Tim Russ & Co v Robertson (2011) all indicate that it can be difficult to enforce these covenants if they are not deemed reasonable or the employee can prove it was after the course of employment had ended.Along with a restrictive covenant being inserted to non-compete, if a garden leave clause were also present then it would prevent Bob from competing with WAY by going to another business such as Michaels or prevent him from setting up his own business within a certain amount of time. This clause is often inserted as it can be unclear what the interpretation of the courts will be regarding non restrictive covenants and employers wish to protect themselves from the possibility of employees leaving to work for a competing equines and taking with them knowledge they may have gained from the company.Garden leave was brought to the attention of the courts in the case of William Hil l Organization Ltd Tucker (1998) as if the courts feel the clause is too wide or UN reasonable, it may not be imposed as Simian Ltd v Christensen (2000). Garden leave often arises after the notice of termination of employment has been given either by the employer or employee and does not always have to be expressed in the contract to be effective but it can sometimes be imposed by the courts at a later date as in Christie v Johnston Carmichael (2010) and SO and R Valuation Service co LLC v Boudoirs (2008).The courts may also decide to modify the clause and not to render it completely inadmissible if they feel it may De-skill the workers if they have too much time off as in Provident Financial Group Pl v Hayward (1988) and GHZ Group Inc v Gallstone (1993), but in certain cases they may uphold the clause if they feel it is fair as in Euro Brokers Ltd v Rabbet (1995) and Evening Company Standard v Henderson (1987). The third clause identifies the common law clause of confidentiality an d again utility in which the employee is expected to operate in such a way as not to disclose confidential information about his employer.The fundamental case for this duty is Faced Chicken Ltd v Fowler (1985) in which the Court of Appeal recognized that there is a difference in duties owed by an employee who works for the company now and an employee who has left and gave several guidelines which indicated what information would be regarded as confidential. Bob would owe a greater duty of confidentiality to WAY at the moment as he is still operating as one of their employees compared to he situation he would be in if he left as the responsibility would be lessened but not diminished.In the case of Rob v Green (1895) Lord Asher MR. said â€Å"l think in a contract of service the Court must imply such a stipulation as I have mentioned (ii, that the servant will act with good faith towards his master), because it is a thing which must necessarily have been in view of both parties when they entered in to the contract† (Smith and Thomas 2008 page 169). The confidentiality clause is important as is protects both the employer and employee from any unnecessary information being disclosed about either party.If Bob were to disclose information to Michael about Highway's pricing strategy then he would be breaching his contract terms which may give reason for a fair dismissal or if he discloses it once he has left the company whether it be to Michael or anyone else then an injunction may be granted stopping him from disclosing the information. If it can be proved that the employee or ex employee has passed on confidential information and that the business has suffered a loss as a result as in Sanders v Parry (1967) and Ansell Rubber Co v Allied Rubber Industries (1 972), then damages may be awarded to the employer.When deciding the potential outcome of breach in this case it is important to look at both sides of the employer WAY and employee Bob. In regards to the first clause, it raises the question of whether it is fair and reasonable to be imposed as discussed in paragraph three and if it is not then the employee Bob is not bound by it and there fore would not be in breach of it.If it is found acceptable Bob has not breached it yet as he is working for Michael in his own time and not during his working hours, however if he were to breach this clause then he may be fairly dismissed by WAY under the principles et out in Wishes Dairies v Smith and any profits made by Bob could be obtained by WAY as damages if they were to take him to court. Bob has breached clause two as he is working for a competitor of the business and it is within the same trade that he works in now.As a result Of this breach again he may be dismissed with support of the cases of Gibson v National Union of Dyers, Bleachers and Textile Workers (1972) and Gray v C & Pembroke Ltd (1972). Clause three amounts to the highest breach of all with an almost certainty of summary dis missal if he informs Michael of his employers pricing tragedy as it is a breach of fidelity. Although clause one and two are significantly serious there may be situations where ACS may try and resolve the situation if it is in the interest of both parties and a solution may be sought after.

Fatal Flaw essays

Fatal Flaw essays A "fatal flaw," is a trait of a character that is a weakness and leads the character to his downfall. The play Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare, shows this concept of a "fatal flaw." This play speaks about a militant general who gained power after winning many wars, and believed he could become emperor of the Roman republic. Roman Generals feared Caesar was becoming too popular among the Romans and Rome was bound to be his. They decided to take matters into their own hands, even if it meant the death of a great hero. Julius Caesar, a powerful and brilliant general, was under the influence of ignoring numerous warnings from friends and relatives who knew what was best. One example of this was when Caesar receives a warning from a soothsayer to beware of the Ides of March. Caesar feared the soothsayers message, but he showed himself to the public as if he wasnt afraid of anything. Another example was when Caesars wife had nightmares of people on fire and beasts roaming the streets. This meant that Caesar was going to be murdered and shouldnt go to the senate house. Caesar decides to go to the senate house; He believed that the senate was going to make him king that day. Caesar received various omens to take precautions before stepping outside, but he didnt listen. Fate caused Caesar to be stubborn, and once he let his guard down he was assassinated. Marcus Brutus, an important judge of Rome is portrayed as a character that is easily influenced by another mans word. One example of this is when Cassius flatters Brutus and sends him letters pleading that Brutus should strike Caesar down. These actions manipulate Brutus to believe Caesar must be murdered, or else Rome will crumble under his kingship. Brutus was gullible and fell into Cassiuss trap by taking part in the conspiracy. A second example of this is at the funeral of Caesar. Brutus is the first to give his speech on b...

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INTERNATIONAL LAW AND WORLD POLITICS essays In order to fully understand the outcome of these three scenarios in relation to the international law and the use of force, we must first discuss the law as defined by the UN Charter. The UN Charter governs the international law and the use of force and has outlined very clear criteria for "the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state" (article 2 4). The Charter strives to provide a state the ability to maintain its sovereignty and individual state integrity while outlining two instances that the use of force may be used. The first is individual or self defense' (art. 51), when a member state is the victim of aggression. As Guicherd points out, there are limitations to this justification. For example, Resolution 2625 states that assistance to either party engaged in a civil war is prohibited (20). The second justification for use of force is when the Security Council recognizes the "existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" (art. 39) and determines the use of coercive action is appropriate. It is important to note that there are coercive measures that can be taken that do not include the use of force, such as imposing sanction on a state found in violation. The three uses of force discussed here all differ from each other in conflict origin and political circumstances. In order to compare the military actions in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq a discussion of the circumstances under which the use of force took place is appropriate. All situations are unique and produce a gray area when determining the legality of the actions imposed by the United States, NATO and its allies. The justification and legality of the use of force in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq have been hotly debated with opinions raging from in the case of Kosovo, "simple skepticism to vehement condemnat...

Verizon Wireless Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Verizon Wireless Marketing - Case Study Example Verizon Business provides communications and information technology (IT) services to global business and government clients. Headquartered in Basking Ridge, N.J., Verizon Wireless has the largest number of retail customers in the industry and is the most profitable wireless company in the U.S. The company is a joint venture of Verizon Communications (NYSE:VZ) and Vodafone (NYSE and LSE: VOD). (Verizon Wireless, 2008) Since wireless is the way of the future, the wireless divisions of these companies is the most hotly contested, and the focus of this "Battle of the Brands." It is important to note that despite Verizon Wireless bearing solely Verizon's name, it is not owned by just them, it is a 55%-45% joint venture between Verizon and Vodafone Group (NYSE: VOD). It is also important to note that AT&T Mobility is the service formerly known as Cingular, which was acquired by AT&T in 2006 when it bought BellSouth for $86B. Verizon Wireless lives up to its tagline as "America's Most Reliable Wireless Network". By doing so, it is the only major wireless company that offers a test-drive pledge that pays calls if a customer isn't satisfied and switches to another carrier. This marketing strategy is believed to have been backed upon by a broad marketing research. Verizon Wireless have focused on strengthening its customer loyalty, making it their edge from their competitors. It is believed to have the highest customer loyalty in the industry based on lowest-in-industry churn. -- footnote Compared to AT&T which is their serious challenger in wireless network, Verizon Wireless' products are almost the same with its competitor. Thus, the need to identify an area where they can perform better. Based on marketing research conducted, in order to increase customers of an industry, you need to increase a customer's trust in your products. Launching the Verizon Wireless Test Driver's Manual is a very strategic tactic that has been very effective for the company. It definitely achieved their objective to increase their trial rate. When a product if of high quality performance, a very vital percent, if not 100%, will lead to purchase rate and will then lead to re-purchase rate of customers until customer loyalty is established. By reading the mind of their consumers, Verizon Wireless knew exactly that their products are of high quality standards, leaving a little, if not zero, room for shifting to competition. None of this will be achieved if no marketing research has been intr icately done to its market. Competitive intelligence plays a vital role in analyzing competition of AT&T and Verizon Wireless. To analyze each of the company's stregths and weaknesses is important in order to come up with strategies to counter each other's marketing points. In detail, the present market of AT&T is composed of 71 million users againt 65 million users of Verizon Wireless. Looking first at Verizon Wireless, its strategy is simple. It focuses on the strength of its network as its main selling point. From the company's "Can you hear me now" ads, to the current "It's the network" ads, the point the company conveys is that if you have Verizon, you are covered by the biggest and most reliable network. AT&T's most memorable recent ads may be Martin Scorsese "We won't interrupt your phone calls, please don't interrupt our movies" ads that play at the cinema, but the company also runs television ads that focus on "more bars in more

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Negotiations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negotiations - Essay Example The requirement to move the opponents from their preferred solution could motivate individuals involved to go against contemporary ethical standards; they could employ inappropriate influence tactics so as to gain compliance from the other. Guasco and Robinson put the ethical argument in context noting that â€Å"what is one negotiator’s appropriate tactic is another’s unethical trick† (2007, p. 135). Approaches to ethical reasoning In business negotiation, various standards have been used to evaluate tactics, as identified by Lewicki, Barry and Saunders (2007). The end result tactic would be applied where the negotiator chooses to adopt an action based on the expected results. Duty ethics would cause the negotiator to choose a course of action based on such person’s duty to uphold suitable rules and principles. The third standard referred to the fact social contract would cause one to choose a specific course of action based on the strategy, values and no rms of an organization or community they exist in. Finally, personality ethics would cause one to choose to follow a specific course of action based on personal convictions. ... Here, the negotiator aims at distorting the settlement point. For example, a buyer willing to spend up to $10,000 on machinery could indicate to the buyer the willingness not to spend more than $8,000. This tactic has been noted to be necessary in creating a rationale that would make the opponent make concessions. According to Lewicki, Barry and Saunders (2007), negotiators who make extreme demands and have the opponents give in achieve favorable settlements. In bluffing negotiation tactic, the negotiator would falsely state the intention to perform an act. These have been described by Lewicki, Barry and Saunders (2007) as false threats and acts. For example, a negotiator could threaten to undertake a specific course of action should the opponent fail to perform a specific task. But this would be said without any intention to live up to the stated consequences. Guasco and Robinson (2007) argue about the unethical form of bluffing such as the one where a seller lies to a buyer of a pr ospect who has bid a higher price for a car, yet in real sense no one else has participated in negotiations. Therefore, the scholars liken bluffing in negotiation to poker. With falsification, erroneous or incorrect information would be introduced as if it were true (Lewicki, Barry & Saunders, 2007). Some examples include erroneous financial information, false guarantees and warranties. Falsification could be printed or spoken and would be aimed at using erroneous information to distort actual facts, thus changing the position of the opponent. The fourth negotiation tactic, as identified by Lewicki, Barry and Saunders (2007), is known as deception. Here, the tactic would attempt to manipulate the logical and inferential processes of the opponent so as to cause incorrect deduction or

The Psychological Effects of Unemployment Essay Example for Free

The Psychological Effects of Unemployment Essay Outline I. Introduction A. Opener: B. Thesis Statement: Unemployment not only affects the country’s economic status but also leads to various psychological impacts on the unemployed group. II. People who are unemployed have a higher risk to suffer from depression. A. Depressed most of the day as indicated by subjective reports or observation B. Occurs when people lose their jobs and feel unhappy C. Become slow, less productive, indecisive, uncertain and careless in doing things III. A person who is unemployed may become aggressive. A. Become dangerous to themselves or others and change in mental status or sudden behaviour change B. Feels frustrated due to lose of job and want to vent his emotion C. Family abused and cause injuries IV. Inferiority complex might be another effect of unemployment. A. Social avoidance, high sensitivity and fear of making mistakes B. Being look down by the people around and the society C. Feeling bad, ashamed, depress and also limited potential to success V. Conclusion: The Psychological Impact of Unemployment According to Cambridge Dictionary, â€Å"Unemployment is defined as the number of people who do not have a job which provides money or the state of being unemployed†. In fact, every country has a certain unemployment rate depends on the country economic status. Research by Poatsy and Martin (2010), â€Å"unemployment rate is defined as the numbers of workers who are at least 16 years old who are not working and who have been trying to find a job within the past four weeks and still haven’t find one† (p. 48). There are four different types of unemployment which include frictional unemployment, structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment and seasonal unemployment. As Poatsy and Martin (2010) find out that, â€Å"frictional unemployment means temporary unemployment in which workers move between jobs, careers and locations; structural unemployment is the permanent unemployment associated when an industry changes in such a way that jobs terminated completely; wher eas cyclical unemployment is the unemployment caused by lack of demand for those who want to work; and finally seasonal unemployment is those out of work during the off season† (p. 48). Now, let us roughly explore the factors of unemployment among people nowadays. First, the rapid changes in technologies have attributed in this issue. For examples, a factory which at beginning use manpower as manufacture basis but now has changed to mechanical machine instead of manpower. Thus, this advanced in technologies have change to economic world. Then, attitude towards employers, willingness to work, perceptions and values of employees these are also consider as the factors of unemployment. In fact, unemployment not only affects the country’s economic status but also leads to various psychological impacts on the unemployed group. As we all know, a person who lead a better life condition, he or she will feel satisfy and happy with his life status. What does it mean? A better life condition basically means that a person having a secure place to live in, getting sufficient food and drinks, having sense of belonging, getting love from people and having a fix career which can generate income to a person. However, if a person who fulfill his physiological, safety and belonging needs but do not own a fix job, he will definitely unhappy, unsatisfied and some even get into emotional problems such as depression. Hence, we can see that people who are unemployed have a higher risk to suffer from depression. As recorded in Cambridge Dictionary, â€Å"depression is a mental illness in which a person is very unhappy and anxious for long periods and cannot have a normal life during these periods†. In fact, a person who suffers from depression can be recognized easily. First of all, the particular person will fell depressed for most of the time and this is based on nonobjective reports or ascertainment made by others (Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2008). Besides, another symptoms will be significantly lessen passion or bliss in almost all daily activities, burnout of energy very easily, markedly sudden weight loss or weight gain, and even think of death or suicide frequently (Butcher et al., 2008). These are the symptoms for those who are in depressed. Hence, you should put more attention to the one who is unemployed so that you can find out whether he or she is getting depress and quickly get the consultation from psychiatrist. How depression occurs on the unemployed people? When a person gets fired and in the state of unemployed, he will think of his working ability and skills whether it meets the company needs or the employer’s expectation. For this reason, he may think that he is less productive and become obsolete in the particular working place. Since then, the person feels unhappy. His worries accumulate from days to days and therefore, he become depressed. Furthermore, if the person has a family burden, he has to face a bigger challenge when he is getting no job. This is because the expanses for a family is quite a big portion nowadays. These expanses include the cost for children education, daily necessities, daily food and drinks. Thus, the unemployed person is totally stress up and has to find way in order to cover these family expenses. Due to this cause, stress on financial problems can also lead to depression. When a person gets depression, his working ability is affected (Aufiero, 2010). This means that he cannot perform his job well and successful. He may tend to be slower in working and cannot stay focus on his work. Hence, his working productivity decreases. Moreover, in the family bonding aspect, he may lack of interest, emotional response and participation in his family life and recreational activities (Aufiero , 2010). As a result, his family members may feel being relinquished. As he lose his job, he might also think that he cannot carry the responsibilities to take good care of his family so he become low self esteem (Aufiero, 2010). Let us move to another topic which is also generates a great impact to the unemployed. For those who get fired and lose their jobs, they may feel frustrated and unsatisfied. For certain people, they will blame on either their employers or colleagues who directly or indirectly make them to be unemployed. The feeling of anger and frustrated that aroused and make them emotional unstable. Therefore, they will try to vent their emotion by harming others physically or mentally in order to get comforted. In other words, unemployment can also leads to aggression. People usually relate aggression with anger, emotional unstable, violence and irritable. However, in Baron, Branscombe and Byrne (2008) point of view, â€Å"Aggression is any behaviour directed toward the goal of h arming another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment† (p. 338). The symptoms of aggression are very obvious which include emotional unstable as mentioned above, very sensitive to other people comment and judgement, and the most important is being harmful and causes injuries to themselves or others either in physical or verbal. The way they harm others may be threatening, irrational or even suicidal behaviour (Better Medicine, 2011). A person who is suffering from aggression, he may undergo sudden changes in mental status as well as personal behaviour (Dementia Guide, 2006). For example, people who are normally gentle and calm suddenly become aggressive and hostile towards others. In fact, the causes of aggression are tightly linked to being criticized, judged and despised by other people. When they get unemployed, they may be judged by the society about their capabilities and abilities. For those who have family burden, they may also being look down by others because the society will think that they cannot brace their families since they are jobl ess now. Hence, various social judgments, comments and burden to them, and they want to get rid of these by becoming aggressive and violent so that they can get acceptance by the others and stay comforted. The consequences of aggression can actually involve both malefactor and the victim. For the victim side, he may get injuries whether physically or verbally and lastly emotional trauma or even worst that is deadliness (Hong, 2004). In the physical aspect, the victim may suffer from various violent acts such as get beaten and being abused. Another kind of aggression act will be sexual abuse. As the consequences, the victim encounters sexual trauma or victimisation. In a Norwegian study, domestic violence causes severe chronic pelvic pain to the victim. In short, aggression acts and violence causes serious injuries which range from bruises and fractures to chronic disabilities (Lum, 2010). For medical treatment, the victim will also have to bear a financial cost due to the injuries cause by the malefactor. Whereas in the psychological aspects, the victim will be impaired with mental and psychological illness such as depression, apprehension, post-trauma stress, anorexia nervosa, nightmares and lethargy (Lum, 2010). On the other side, the perpetrator will get charged by the courts and even imprisoned for a period of time (Hong, 2004). Besides, the perpetrator will also regret on what he had done and face the hot soup due to his conscienceless. Have you ever heard of a baby being afraid to play with another baby simply reason that he thinks he is not good as others (Radwan, 2012)? The answer is surely no. No one knows to be inferior since he is born. We feel inferior solely because our culture and past life experiences have shaped us to have such personality characteristics (Radwan, 2012). Same to the unemployed group, they will start facing inferiority complex when they get into no jobs and result in low self esteem. Thus, we can say that inferiority complex is another psychological impact of unemployment. First of all, let us have a better understanding for this term, inferiority complex. As Oxford Dictionary shows that â€Å"inferiority complex is an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy caused by actual or supposed one sphere, sometimes marked by aggressive behaviour in compensation†. Next, what are the symptoms for this personality disorder? When a person is having this illness, he may practise social avoidance. This means that he will withdraw himself from any social activities or interactions. By applying to my topic, the person might avoid to attend any meetings, discussions that held in the workplace. The reason behind this is that he thinks he is not good as others. Furthermore, he becomes more sensitive to others opinion or comment towards himself. For instance, a person is demeaning others due to his high sensitivity even though the comment means no harm. Another indicator will be the person might fear of making mistakes. Since they fear of listening bad comments, they will face difficulties when they are trying new things (Lalwani, 2012). How unemployment causes inferiority complex? When a person gets unemployed, his or her dignity somehow can get affected. What comes to his mind is that the employer is not satisfied for his working performance or he has made many mistakes. This will result in low self esteem. Since then, the person is not confident as last time and also fear to make mistakes as I mentioned above. Another point of view, social judgment also contributes to this issue. A jobless person portrays certain images that society will think of such as low productivity, careless, incapability and irresponsible. The effects of getting inferiority complex include the person will afraid of taking any risks and thus this will limit his success potential. Besides, he also will fear of making mistakes since he is in low esteem and fe ar of being scold. Moreover, this illness makes people feel bad, remorseful and can a make person dejected in a long run (Radwan, 2012). Nonetheless, this kind of people will also have to vent their emotion and cope with their illness, so they choose to engage in substances abused which is totally wrong like alcoholism and smoking. As we can see, the issue of unemployment actually not only affects the stability of the country economic status but also brings a lot of serious psychological impact to the category of unemployed. Besides depression, aggression and inferiority complex, there are other mental illnesses that come along with this issue. This has clearly showed that unemployment is not a light issue and even government must take it seriously. Although a country is rich in terms of wealth and it is well-developed; however, its people is suffering from various illnesses, this particular country still not be regarded as a developed country which is full of prosperity. By resolving this issue, Malaysia has organized a national organisation that manages employers for any private sectors named Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF) which carries a function as advertise and escort the employer’s rights (Narayanan, 2012). Besides, this organization has also established Unemployment Insurance. It is for providing coverage for those retrenched workers who are still unable to get a career in a period of time. For those who are qualified to get this offer, they will get a portion of their last taken salary. This is helpful because it assists those workers to help them in sustain in their living life when they are looking for a new career (Narayanan, 2012). References Aufiero, B. (2010, Apr 25). Consequences of depression. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/112052-consequences-depression/ Baron, R.A., Branscmbe, N.R., Byrne, D. (2008). Social Psychology (12th ed.). United States, America: Pearson Education, Inc. Better Medicine (2011, May 2). Aggression: Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.localhealth.com/article/aggression/symptoms. Butcher, J.N., Mineka, S. Holley, J.M. (2008). Abnormal Psychology Core Concepts. United States, America: Pearson Education, Inc. DementiaGuide (n.d). Aggression. Retrieved from http://www.dementiaguide.com/symptomlibrary/behaviour/aggression1/ Depression. (n.d.). In Cambridge Dictionaries online. Retrieved from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/depression-1?q=depression Hong, L.J. (2004, Jul 25). Concept Analysis: Aggression. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1570125/ Inferiority complex. (n.d.). In Oxford Dictionaries online. Retrieved from http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/inferiority%2Bcomplex?q=inferiority+complex Lalwani, P. (2012, Feb 28). Inferiority Complex Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/inferiority-complex-symptoms.html Lum, M. (2010, Jul 25). Violating our health. thestar online. Retrieved from http://thestar.com.my/health/story.asp?file=/2010/7/25/health/6724899sec+health Narayanan, S.V. (2012, May). Unemployment Ins urance blues. People’s Edge, Volume 2(Issue 1), 26-28. Poatsy, M.A. Martin, K. (2010). Better Business. United States,America: Pearson Education, Inc. Radwan, M.F. (2012, June 28). Inferiority Complex. Retrieved from http://www.2knowmyself.com/inferiority/inferiority-complex Unemployment. (n.d.). In Cambridge Dictionaries online. Retrieved from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/unemployment?q=unemployment

The Messiah Essay -- Musicians Handel The Messiah Essays

The Messiah Handel’s classic piece, The Messiah is undoubtedly the best selection as our classes choice for the time capsule. It has all the workings of a true musical masterpiece and a beautiful message that all should know. Our song should be chosen as a piece that has lived, will live on, and does justice to music. That is The Messiah. Many of you (including myself) didn’t quite realize who Handel was, let alone know his oratorio The Messiah. Once Joel began to play it in class, the common phrase shifted from, "What?", to, "Oh, the hallelujah song." It is a piece that nearly anyone, of any generation, knows at least by its famous chorus, Hallelujah. That is a lot to say for one song. How many of your parents actually know anything about the music you listen to? Most of the music of today just kind of fades in and then back out, which is just not the case with The Messiah. For more than 250 years, this great and most popular of oratorios has survived and endured numerous revisions and reorchestrations in performances ranging from "cast of thousands" to today's emphasis on "authentic" performances, a practice employing period instruments and small all-male choral ensembles(Wilson). When Christmas season roles around, everyone can count on hearing Handel’s own personal favorite The Messiah. This is the kind of song we need, something that links us through common knowledge and feeling, past and present. Handel combines the sheer grandeur and power of his German roots with the color of his Italian experience, joining this with the unique flavor of the English language(Alexander). His music can thus be powerful, it can be colorful and lively(like the wonderful "For unto us a child is born" chorus), or it can be stirri... ...apacity for self-renewal. We become aware that it bestows on us the special gift of aesthetic and spiritual grace. There is not one portion of this song that should make us disregard it. Think of your favorite song. Now think of what time span it has touched or will touch. Okay, think of its actually artistic quality. Lastly, think of what message, what feeling it’s trying to convey. I doubt it it compares in all aspects to the Messiah. I think you’ll agree this is the song that deserves the spot in the UTD time capsule. Works Cited Alexander, Sean. http://www.ao.net/~jmo/john/music/handelt.html). Del Rio, Chris. http://www.inkpot.com/classical/messiah.html. McEown, Nathen. http://www.psg.com/~patf/bach/messiah.html. Mulchevy , Michael. "Ved Head." Rolling Stone June 1995: 46-48. Wilson, Jason. http://www.hartfordchorale.org/Messiah.html. The Messiah Essay -- Musicians Handel The Messiah Essays The Messiah Handel’s classic piece, The Messiah is undoubtedly the best selection as our classes choice for the time capsule. It has all the workings of a true musical masterpiece and a beautiful message that all should know. Our song should be chosen as a piece that has lived, will live on, and does justice to music. That is The Messiah. Many of you (including myself) didn’t quite realize who Handel was, let alone know his oratorio The Messiah. Once Joel began to play it in class, the common phrase shifted from, "What?", to, "Oh, the hallelujah song." It is a piece that nearly anyone, of any generation, knows at least by its famous chorus, Hallelujah. That is a lot to say for one song. How many of your parents actually know anything about the music you listen to? Most of the music of today just kind of fades in and then back out, which is just not the case with The Messiah. For more than 250 years, this great and most popular of oratorios has survived and endured numerous revisions and reorchestrations in performances ranging from "cast of thousands" to today's emphasis on "authentic" performances, a practice employing period instruments and small all-male choral ensembles(Wilson). When Christmas season roles around, everyone can count on hearing Handel’s own personal favorite The Messiah. This is the kind of song we need, something that links us through common knowledge and feeling, past and present. Handel combines the sheer grandeur and power of his German roots with the color of his Italian experience, joining this with the unique flavor of the English language(Alexander). His music can thus be powerful, it can be colorful and lively(like the wonderful "For unto us a child is born" chorus), or it can be stirri... ...apacity for self-renewal. We become aware that it bestows on us the special gift of aesthetic and spiritual grace. There is not one portion of this song that should make us disregard it. Think of your favorite song. Now think of what time span it has touched or will touch. Okay, think of its actually artistic quality. Lastly, think of what message, what feeling it’s trying to convey. I doubt it it compares in all aspects to the Messiah. I think you’ll agree this is the song that deserves the spot in the UTD time capsule. Works Cited Alexander, Sean. http://www.ao.net/~jmo/john/music/handelt.html). Del Rio, Chris. http://www.inkpot.com/classical/messiah.html. McEown, Nathen. http://www.psg.com/~patf/bach/messiah.html. Mulchevy , Michael. "Ved Head." Rolling Stone June 1995: 46-48. Wilson, Jason. http://www.hartfordchorale.org/Messiah.html.

Jack Unterweger: A Psychopath? Essay

Jack Unterweger was a serial killer whose life after incarceration poorly pointed indications that he killed someone. Although he was a charming man, Jack was sent to prison for killing a prostitute. People would respond to him accordingly (Ramsland, 2008), making the investigators suspect that he used his charm to get a parole. Amazingly, Jack Unterweger became an instant celebrity shortly after his release from prison. He became a bestselling author, and produced articles of all kind, some of which were focused on his life. The events that followed were quite astounding, for Jack Unterweger was illiterate while in prison. It is only in his stay there that he learned how to read and write. As his case progressed, investigators found out that Jack’s mother as a prostitute and the father that he did not meet was an American soldier (Ramsland, 2008). From reading about Jack Unterweger, I concluded that he was indeed a psychopath. The characteristics that he exhibited all throughout, made me convinced further, as he was diagnosed with ASPD. In addition to this, Jack possessed a superficial charm, and had difficulty in keeping and making friends. At the age of 16, he was arrested for attacking a prostitute and posed as a pimp to force a woman on the streets (Crime Files, 2008). Likewise, Jack is not capable of emotions, such as love. This may also be attributed to the fact that he was not close to his grandfather, and his lack of friends in his home and workplace. Jack’s actions have been heightened further when he did not show any feelings of remorse or shame for his actions. Murdering prostitutes in grotesque ways was not something that a normal person would do, and Jack was able to do this without showing signs of nervousness. He would even appear composed and calm in interviews, openly talking about the murder charges filed against him. If I were his psychiatrist, I would use therapeutic communities as the treatment for Jack. With the help of a therapeutic community, Jack would be able to feel his importance in the community, and the possibility that he would be accepted as an individual in his society.

Refugee Blues Essay

The speaker is talking to someone â€Å"My dear† (perhaps his wife), the language and tone is very conversational. Each stanza intensifies the situation in the poem. The first stanza brings out that the refugees are homeless. Though there are millions in the city all of whom have some kind of home but the refugees have nowhere to go. In stanza 2, the couple cannot stay in their country. It compares two living people with the old yew tree. â€Å"Officially dead† means you cannot make passport. This section tells us how the refugees are trying to get help. The refugees cannot leave the country due to lack of passport and hence they are described as officially dead, though they are indeed alive. The refugees are treated coldly by the committee and council. They are politely pushed aside but no real help is offered. At the public meeting the speaker demonises the refugees as thieves. This is made to incite ordinary people to hate Jews. A metaphorical storm breaks over the whole of Europe continent as hitler sentences them to death. The tone of the final stanza is very bitter. The comparisons that the poet uses are testimony to these; Pet animals are treated better then Jews. eg: â€Å"saw a Door opened and a cat let in; †¦ † Fish are free and Birds are free, Poet blames nazi regime for creating an environment in which natural things act far much better than humans. The poet further uses cruel contrast. For e. g. : he has a dream of a huge building with many rooms for everybody except Jews. In the final stanza the poet enlightens a brightening future for the Jews but now Jews are hunted down by 1000’s of people.

Biology Homework Help Resources

Biology Homework Help Resources Biology, the study of life, can be fascinating and wondrous. However, certain biology topics can sometimes seem incomprehensible. The best way to get a clear understanding of difficult biology concepts is to study them at home, as well as at school. Students should use quality biology homework help resources when studying. Below are some good resources and information to help you answer some of your biology homework questions. Key Takeaways Biology homework and assignments can be difficult to understand. Always make sure to avail yourself of all available resources so that you can succeed.Your instructor, fellow students, and tutors can be invaluable to help make sure that you get clarification on concepts that you dont understand.Understanding key biological concepts like cell processes, DNA, and genetics are helpful in understanding some of the foundations of biology.Use sample biology quizzes and online resources to test your grasp of biology concepts. Biology Homework Help Resources Anatomy of the HeartLearn about this amazing organ that supplies blood to the entire body. Animal TissuesInformation on the structure and function of animal tissue types. Bio-Word DissectionsLearn how to dissect difficult biology words  so that they are easy to understand. Brain BasicsThe brain is one of the largest and most important organs of the human body. Weighing in at about three pounds, this organ has a wide range of responsibilities. Characteristics of LifeWhat are  the basic characteristics of life? How To Study for Biology Exams Biology exams can seem intimidating and overwhelming. The key to overcoming these obstacles is preparation. Learn how to do well on your biology test. Organ SystemsThe human body is made up of several  organ systems  that work together as one unit. Learn about these systems and how they work together. The Magic of PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is a process in which light energy is used to produce sugar and other organic compounds. Cells Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic CellsTake a journey into the cell to find out about the cell structure and classification of both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Cellular RespirationCellular respiration is the process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food. Differences Between Plant and Animal CellsPlant and animal cells are similar in that both are eukaryotic cells. However, there are several important differences between these two cell types. Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotes are single-celled organisms that are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on earth. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaeans. 10 Different Types of Cells in the Human Body The body contains trillions of cells that come in varying shapes and sizes. Explore some of the different types of cells in the body. 7 Differences Between Mitosis and MeiosisCells divide either through the process of mitosis or meiosis. Sex cells are produced through meiosis, while all other body cell types are produced through mitosis. DNA Processes Steps of DNA ReplicationDNA replication is the process of copying the DNA within our cells. This process involves RNA and several enzymes, including DNA polymerase and primase. How Does DNA Transcription Work?DNA transcription is a process that involves the transcribing of genetic information from DNA to RNA. Genes are transcribed in order to produce proteins. Translation and Protein SynthesisProtein synthesis is accomplished through a process called translation. In translation, RNA and ribosomes work together to produce proteins. Genetics Genetics GuideGenetics is the study of  inheritance  or  heredity. This guide helps you to understand  basic genetics principles. Why We Look Like Our ParentsHave you ever wondered why you have the same eye color as your parent? Traits are inherited by the transmission of genes from parents to their young. What Is Polygenic Inheritance?Polygenic inheritance is the inheritance of traits such as skin color, eye color and hair color, that are determined by more than one gene. How Gene Mutation OccursA gene mutation is any change that occurs in the DNA. These changes can be beneficial to, have some effect on, or be seriously detrimental to an organism. What Traits Are Determined by Your Sex Chromosomes?Sex-linked traits originate from genes found on sex chromosomes. Hemophilia is an example of a common sex-linked disorder that is an X-linked recessive trait. Quizzes Cellular Respiration QuizCellular respiration allows cells to harvest the energy in the foods we eat. Test your knowledge of cellular respiration by taking this quiz! Genetics and Heredity QuizDo you know the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance? Test your knowledge of genetics by taking the Genetics and Heredity Quiz! How Much Do You Know About Mitosis?In mitosis, the nucleus from a cell is divided equally between two cells. Test your knowledge of mitosis and cell division by taking the Mitosis Quiz! Getting Additional Help The above information provides a basic foundation for various biology topics. If you find that you still have problems understanding the material, dont be afraid to request assistance from an instructor or tutor. They can help clarify concepts so that you can gain a deeper understanding of biological concepts.

Summary about Romanesque architecture period

Summary about Romanesque architecture period Romanesque architecture period is one of the most cherished periods in the history of architecture. During this period, several buildings were constructed which have remained fascinating in Europe and attractive to people around the world. This essay gives a summary of the Romanesque architecture period, highlighting some of the major events which took place during this period including historic buildings and structures which continue to symbolize this period today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary about Romanesque architecture period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to historic findings and recordings, Romanesque architecture thrived during the Medieval or Middle Ages and was highly associated with Normans. In general, Romanesque architecture usually refers to structures which were constructed and used from 800 AD to 1100 AD (Sacred Destinations 1). It has arguably been mentioned that this type of a rchitecture generates major confusion as it relates closely to the architectural designs during the Roman Empire. Notably, Romanesque architecture was originally designed by the Normans after the fall of the Roman Empire. Of importance is the fact that the history of Romanesque architecture was primarily linked to the dedication of people to religion, a fact that resulted into the construction of several churches in England which adopted Romanesque design. Many people who visited the Holy Land admired magnificent architectural work done by the Byzantine Empire. This admiration caused a revolution in architecture, castle building ideas and engineering during the Romanesque architecture period (Browne 4). As mentioned above, the existing interest in religion during Romanesque time necessitated construction of buildings which could conveniently accommodate huge crowds in places like Santiago. Due to huge crowds flocking these places, basilicas were unable to hold them resulting into th e need to have the buildings designed to have the shape of a cross. Additionally, architects adopted this design because they wanted to do away with wood as the main construction material (Castles 1). They therefore began using stones, groin and barrel vaults to make ceilings for most of the churches. Although this was adopted, ceiling weight overpowered walls forcing architects to pile stones along the walls for the purpose of supporting them and preventing them from being pushed outward. Alternatively, architectures opted to use thick walls which could withstand the heavy weight of ceilings emanating from ceiling stones. This resulted into the use of small windows, making the interior of most churches to be dim (Sacred Destinations 1).Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the Romanesque architecture period has been referred to as the Age of Monasticism during which monastic homes became common as they attracted the attention of religious people and scholars. This period also coincided with the Crusades Age when Christians were determined to restore freedom for Holy Lands (Castles 1). These events promoted economic growth through trade, construction of infrastructure like roads and the expansion of the construction industry to meet extra demand for buildings. In analyzing this period, Norman is also considered as one of the most significant modifications of the Romanesque architecture in Normandy, France. It is believed that the interior of St. Etienne clearly illustrates evidence why Norman architecture remains the most advanced construction design of the period (Sacred Destinations 1). Its interior displays a complex design depicting the Gothic style of construction. Notably, the round Roman arch is gives the main difference between Gothic designs and Romanesque architecture. Although there were other construction styles, Romanesque architec ture influenced construction engineers across Europe. This was common in the construction of churches in England which were later converted into cathedrals (Sacred Destinations 1). Even though a good number of the cathedrals were constructed in different ways, Norman styles were also applied especially in the nave arcades. It is important to mention that the Gothic arches of Winchester Cathedral were developed from Norman piers curved by masonries. This was also witnessed in parts of Italy where churches like the Florence Cathedral was built based on the Gothic style (Castles 1). It comprised of the sturdy columns which portrayed a tailored version of the Corinthians. Architects made use of the pointed vault as it was used together with the semicircular arches. Based on this assumption, many analysts have argued that most facades of Gothic churches in parts of Italy are almost indistinguishable from Romanesque as they have a wide range of similarities. Similarly, the Romanesque peri od was an important time that led to defensive architecture manifested through design and architecture in most parts of Europe. Although these architectural designs were common to churches and monastic buildings, it extended to castles and other buildings during the same period (Sacred Destinations 1). Despite the fact that most of these buildings have been ruined throughout history as a result of war and politics, there are some which have remained intact. A good example is the White Tower found within the Tower of London, constructed by William the Conqueror as his stronghold and residence (Castles 1). In parts of Germany, palaces were mainly built for bishops and rulers as wealthy merchants used Romanesque architecture to build their homes in towns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary about Romanesque architecture period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on the above analysis, it is evident that Romanesq ue architecture period was a significant time in the history of several architectural designs. The influence of this period has remained evident from buildings around the world which were constructed during this period. Browne, Edith. Romanesque Architecture. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 2005. Print. Castles. Romanesque Architecture. Castles, 2011. Web. ancientfortresses.org/romanesque-architecture.htm. Sacred Destinations. Romanesque Architecture. Sacred Destinations, 2011. Web.